Background: PROSTATE cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second cause of death among men worldwide. Recent documents have disclosed that chronic inflammation can be a major risk factor for PCa. Based on recent studies, the presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) asananaerobic gram-positive bacterium in PROSTATE tissue can be a predisposing factor for PCa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the P. acnes presence in patients with PCa compared to patients with benign prostatic HYPERPLASIA (BPH). Methods: In a descriptive study that was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016, 95 paraffin-embedded PROSTATE tissue samples (57 PCa and 38 BPH) were evaluated. All samples were collected from the pathology unit of a hospital. DNA was extracted with an extraction kit (GeneAll, Korea) and then PCR was carried out using specific primers for P. acnes. Sequencing was performed onthePCRproducts toconfirmthe presence of P. acnes. Demographicdata were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software (version 21). Results: Out of 95 patients, 57 (60%) were patients with PCa and 38 (40%) were patients with BPH. 39 (41%) and 22 (23%) samples were P. acnes positive in cancer and BPH groups, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that the spread of P. acnes in males with PCa may be common. This finding reflects the possible role of P. acnes in the carcinogenesis of PCa. P. acnes infection may play a relative role in the pathogenesis of PCa or it could facilitate the PCa progression.

Background: PROSTATE specific antigen (PSA) has been used as a screening test for the early detection of PROSTATE cancer (PC) for many years. Although the introduction of PSA test led to a considerable increase in reported PROSTATE cancer cases, there is still some controversy over the sensitivity and specificity of this marker in distinguishing PC patients from those with benign PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA (BPH), the most common benign PROSTATE condition. Objective: An attempt is made to elucidate if the plasma level of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) could be used effectively as a marker for the detection of PROSTATE cancer.Methods: Plasma levels of IL-8 and PSA were measured in two groups of 40 BPH and PC patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques, respectively. In addition IL-8 levels in PC3 and DU145 cell line supernatants were measured by ELISA technique.Results: The concentration of IL-8 in the plasma of PC patients was not significantly higher than the BPH subjects. Although, a correlation between plasma IL-8 concentration and the Gleason score of PC patients was found, no indicated correlation was detected between the concentration of L-8 or PSA and age of the patients in both groups. DU145 and PC3 cell lines produced and secreted IL-8 in the media. conclusion: Data of this investigation collectively conclude no correlation between IL-8 concentration in PC and BPH patients.

PROSTATE cancer is the second common form of cancer in men. Detection of circulating PROSTATE Specific Antigen (PSA) transcripts has effectively been used for early diagnosis of PROSTATE cancer cells. This investigation employed a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique to distinguish the patients with either localized or metastatic PROSTATE cancer (CaP) vs. Benign PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA (BPH) and control subjects, as compared with clinical and pathological records. With reservation of ethical issues, blood samples were collected from 60 cases. Based on pathological and clinical findings, 25 patients (20 with localized cancer, 5 with metastatic), 22 with BPH, and 13 healthy (including 3 females) subjects as negative controls, were selected from Shariati, Mehrad, Sina,, Khatam and Atie Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. RT-PCR for a 260 bp PSA transcript was then performed. Clinical and pathological records were used for the assessment and comparison of PSA RT-PCR results. None of the control subjects and BPH (with 7 exceptions) were found positive by RT-PCR (Relative specificity= 72.7%). In patients with PROSTATE cancer, 21 out of 25 were found PSA positive (Relative sensitivity=83.4%) and the remaining 3 have been shown to be PSA negative (Positive predictive value= 83.4%). All of 5 metastatic patients (100%) revealed PSA positive results. Our data reflects the clinical relevance and significance of RT-PCR results as assessed with clinical and pathological examinations. PSA RT-PCR might be used as a powerful means for diagnosis, even when either pathological or clinical findings are negative, and could be employed for further molecular epidemiology surveys.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a significant difference in endocan expression levels between PROSTATE adenocarcinoma and PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA tissues by using an immunohistochemical method. Materials and Methods: All 51 patients, who were getting treatment for the last 5 years, participated in the study. 31 of 51 patients underwent transrectal sonography (TRUSG)-assisted PROSTATE biopsy because of PROSTATE adenocarcinoma as diagnosed with elevated PSA levels and histopathological examination. The remaining 20 patients comprised the control group. The control group included patients with benign PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA based on pathological examination. Results: It was found that there was strong positive epithelial staining in 74. 2% of patients with PROSTATE cancer while in 5% of controls, indicating a statistically significant difference (P <. 001). It was also found that the rate of strong positive endothelial staining was 77. 4% in the patient group whereas 5% in the control group (P <. 001). Also, the rate of strong positive stromal staining was 64. 5% in the patient group while 5% in the control group (P <. 001). Conclusion: We found that tissue endocan expression level was statistically significantly higher in patients with PROSTATE cancer compared to those with benign PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA by using an immunohistochemical method.

As men age, a condition known as benign prostatic HYPERPLASIA (BPH), or enlargement of the PROSTATE gland, becomes more prevalent. The technique of transurethral incision of the PROSTATE (TUIP) involves splitting the bladder outlet to relieve inferior urinary tract symptoms related to BPH with no need to remove tissues. Likewise, the surgery to remove portions of the PROSTATE gland through the penis is known as a transurethral resection of the PROSTATE (TURP). No cuts are required. By inserting a tool via the urethra and into the penis, the surgeon can access the PROSTATE. The primary objective of the current study is to assess and compare the results of each procedure in a case reference study using a sample of Iraqi patients who had surgery to treat BPH. A total of 78 males with symptomatic BPH participated in this study, 31 of whom underwent TUIP, and the rest got TURP. The main outcomes to be evaluated were the periods of operation, hospital admission, catheterization, the international PROSTATE symptom score (IPSS), the Q max, the post-voiding residual volume, and the ejaculation preservation. The mean durations of operation, hospital stay, and catheterization was significantly shorter in TUIP patients in comparison with TURP patients (P<0.05). The frequency of patients with preserved ejaculation was significantly more in TUIP patients compared with TURP patients (64.5 % vs. 37.0%) (P<0.018). TUIP was significantly better compared with TURP concerning the shorter durations of operation, hospital stays, catheterization, and preservation of ejaculation in optimally selected patients.